Denial Management in Revenue Cycle Management: Workflows, Strategies and Automation
Balancing patient care with cost management is a constant challenge. Use this guide to understand how denial management works, cut denial rates, and automate your revenue cycle management. Also, uncover expert tips to increase your revenue and improve operations
In this article, you’ll find:
- Overview of the denial management process
- The most common reasons a payer denies a claim
- How denials impact a healthcare organization’s finances and operations
- The status of denial management in most healthcare groups in 2023
- How to automate denial management
Understanding Denials in Revenue Cycle Management
Denials in revenue cycle management occur when an insurer refuses a claim from a healthcare provider. A denial means that the provider doesn’t get paid. However, providers can use denial management to resolve and prevent denials – and maximize revenue.
Revenue cycle management (RCM) describes how a healthcare organization oversees financial transactions for patient services.
Efficient RCM is crucial for healthcare organizations because it underpins their financial stability and encompasses nearly all departments, such as patient registration, billing, and payment collection. RCM objectives include maximizing revenue, minimizing errors, and ensuring compliance.
Insurance payments represent a huge revenue source for most healthcare organizations. To receive payment, a provider must submit a claim describing the services and providing the invoice. Unfortunately, insurance payers reject many claims.
Fortunately, you can reduce denials by adopting a savvy approach.
“Denial management aims to comprehensively understand each denial, analyze denial trends, and establish preventive measures,” Kennedy says. “Ultimately, it aligns with RCM's primary objective: maximizing cash flow, interpreting and mitigating common denials, and preventing future denials.”
Kennedy adds: "Without an effective denial management process, denied claims can accumulate rapidly and significantly impact the organization's operations and cash flow. Surprisingly, most denials stem from preventable issues within the patient care workflow.”
Those issues can appear minor but later balloon into a denial, says Doug Waldorf, Director of Client Success at Plutus Health.
“Forty to 60% of denials come from small errors on the front-end of RCM, or the things that happen before a patient walks through the door to receive care,” Waldorf says. “These types of claims are preventable and represent a huge opportunity to either lose money as a denial or gain it as revenue. In either case, denials significantly impact cash and collections.”
Unfortunately, some healthcare providers lack effective denial management and instead accept write-offs.
Providers give in because of RCM’s complexity, especially when dealing with insurance companies. RCM means dealing with multiple stakeholders, keeping up with frequent policy changes, and having sophisticated tools to manage the process.
"Many departments contribute to denials, from check-in teams to schedulers, pre-billing, coding, and more,” Jeremiah says. “Being on top of the process isn’t easy, but it is worth it. A robust denial management process is like changing a tire on a moving car; it's a significant investment upfront, but it can translate into substantial returns."
Jonathon Curlett, a longtime healthcare executive with experience working for providers and payers, shares a similar perspective:
Curlett adds: “This proactive approach not only has a financial impact by securing the claim but also reduces administrative expenses, streamlining the claim submission process and enhancing overall operational efficiency."
Key Takeaways:
- Denial management resolves and prevents claim denials – and maximizes revenue.
- One key tactic is to analyze denied claims to prevent the same problems in the future.
- The goal is to keep your denial rate under 5%.
- Automate your denial management to streamline the process and sniff out claim issues in advance.
- Outsource your RCM and denial management so you can focus on patient care.
Steps in the RCM Denial Management Process
In RCM denial management, providers should follow four key steps. First, identify why a claim was denied. Second, manage the claim by addressing the problem. Third, monitor other claims for the issue. Last, prevent future denials by creating a strategy.
“Insurance companies have an incentive to only pay the appropriate claims,” says Curlett. “They can’t expect the provider to police themselves. If there’s anything wrong with your claim, they will find out and deny it accordingly.”
That’s why it is essential to respond effectively.
"Whenever we receive a denial, we consistently follow a set of key steps to make sure the denial turns into revenue," Jeremiah says. "We pinpoint the root cause of the claim denial, take prompt corrective actions, and then incorporate this valuable data into our prevention program, aiming to reduce the number of incoming claims in the first place."
Here are the major steps in the RCM denial management process. Some organizations find it helpful to split up the steps under the IMMP process: Identify, Manage, Monitor, and Prevent.
Types of Denials in RCM
Some professionals talk about two types of denials: hard and soft. Hard denials usually relate to clinical issues, and it isn’t easy to appeal them. Soft denials concern minor technical errors that are easily correctable. You might also hear terms like clinical, technical, and administrative denials.
However, Waldorf says those designations don’t come up much in denial management.
“A denial is a denial,” he says. “In practice, we don’t formally categorize denials as ‘soft’ or ‘hard’— we try to appeal all possible denials. However, because different denials demand different workflows, we do occasionally use the terms when we are communicating with external stakeholders, like healthcare organizations. It helps us explain how we plan on handling different denials they might have.”
Here’s a more detailed review of denial terminology:
RCM Denial Scenarios
Common RCM denial scenarios relate to mistakes like missing information or coding errors. Also, patient eligibility and prior authorizations will result in denial.
Jeremiah explains the claim journey: “When a healthcare provider submits a claim to the payer, a clearinghouse electronically transmits the information. If the clearinghouse detects an issue, it rejects the claim and returns it to the provider for correction. If the claim successfully passes through the clearinghouse, it sends the claim to the payer.”
Jeremiah continues: “At this point, the payer enters the adjudication phase, where they meticulously evaluate and decide whether to accept or reject the claim based on policy terms and medical necessity. If the payer denies a claim that had previously passed the clearinghouse, it typically signifies that the provider did not adhere to the correct submission process."
Here’s a summary of the major reasons why payers deny claims.
Impacts of Denials on Revenue Cycle Management
Health providers face challenges when an insurance company denies a claim. For example, the denial delays their payment and disrupts their cash flow. Also, it increases the provider’s administrative costs. However, you can counteract these problems with denial management strategies.
Kennedy explains that the impact of denials becomes severe at certain levels.
"If we experience a denial rate of one percent, it isn't a problem because that means we’ve successfully processed 99% of claims,” he says. “However, when this rate exceeds approximately 5%, it significantly impacts the organization.”
Denials can even cause financial instability.
“It hampers our ability to cover day-to-day expenses, maintain our revenue cycle, manage office costs, and more,” Kennedy says. “It restricts our financial capacity to sustain operations, pay employee salaries, and deliver care."
He adds: “You can’t avoid all denials. But you must keep it to a level that doesn’t significantly impact your organization. Otherwise, your revenue will remain ‘stuck’ or even lost.”
Financial Impact of Denials
Claim denials can significantly affect a healthcare organization’s financial health. When denial rates exceed 5%, they restrict cash flow and limit resources for employee salaries and patient care. In the long run, denials reduce the organization's revenue.
"I’ve seen so many healthcare organizations get caught up in a tidal wave of denials,” says Curlett. “It overwhelms them, and their problems compound. Eventually, they start bleeding cash because they can’t keep up with the claims.”
Operational Impact of Denials
Denials delay cash flow and affect a healthcare organization's day-to-day operations. Managing denials also places an added burden on staff. Instead of dealing with other tasks, they must focus on denials.
"Handling denials is an administrative challenge that can significantly impact operations," says Curlett. "When a payer sends an EOB (explanation of benefits), your team has to decode it and understand the situation. Occasionally, this involves clinicians, diverting their time away from their primary focus, which is patient care. The goal is to streamline your team's work to ensure smooth claim processing and minimize disruptions to operations, especially for clinicians."
State of Denial Management in 2023
In 2023, most healthcare experts see denial management as a top challenge. Denials significantly affect the finances and day-to-day operations of most healthcare organizations. Luckily, new tech is starting to automate denial management.
In 2023, Plutus conducted a survey and published the results in a whitepaper, “Diagnosis Critical: Revenue Cycle Management Challenges Among Healthcare Providers in 2023.” This survey examined healthcare organizations in various states, including Georgia, Illinois, California, New York, Florida, Texas, and others. It specifically looked at organizations with annual revenues ranging from $25 million to $5 billion and RCM teams of 50 or more members.
The survey's key findings underscored that many healthcare organizations struggle with denial management. Fortunately, promising technology is on the horizon with the potential to automate much of this process and, ideally, reduce the average denial rate.
Here are the key findings from the Plutus Health Revenue Cycle Management Challenges Index:
Industry Benchmarks for RCM Denial Management
RCM professionals use benchmarks to assess how well organizations are handling claim denials. Three common ones are the denial rate, clean claims rate, and denial resolution time.
Here are fuller explanations of the most common industry RCM denial management benchmarks, with the key standard. We provide benchmarks from the Healthcare Financial Management Association (HFMA), a professional organization dedicated to helping healthcare finance leaders navigate the complex financial landscape of the healthcare industry.
Best Practices for Denial Management in RCM
Best practices will improve your denial management process. For example, establish a denial management team to prevent denials. Monitor your progress with industry performance metrics.
Managing denials can be complex, with nuances depending on your unique situation. Nonetheless, certain best practices can enhance denial management for any organization.
Here are the best practices that RCM experts say everyone can benefit from:
Strategies for Effective Denial Management in RCM
The first strategy for effective denial management is to embrace a mindset aimed at preventing denials proactively. Then, develop workflows that support this mindset. Use technology to support your staff and automate parts of the process.
Here's a summary of key strategies that RCM experts use to tackle denial management:
How to Automate Denial Management in RCM
Healthcare organizations can use AI technology to automate their denial management. This technology helps in many ways: It can identify risky claims. It can make appeals easier. And it can prevent denials.
Automating denial management brings several clear benefits. This technology minimizes mistakes caused by repetitive data entry, freeing up your staff to handle more complex tasks. It also enhances your RCM understanding, aiding your team in making informed decisions to reduce denials.
The statistics back up the effectiveness of automating denial management. According to a 2023 survey by Plutus on Health Revenue Cycle Management Challenges, 30% of healthcare organizations reported that artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic process automation (RPA) led to quicker cash flow and improved collections.
However, many organizations hesitate to embrace automated denial management and may feel uncertain about where to start. Here are some practical examples of how you can use the latest technology to automate denial management and meet your revenue goals:
Determining Whether to Outsource RCM Denial Management
Many practices can't handle denials efficiently due to limited tech and staff. Outsourcing RCM denial management to experts is a common and appealing option. It helps deal effectively with evolving regulations and payer rules.
Many healthcare providers outsource their RCM tasks, including denial management, to a third-party company specializing in RCM management.
"The cost-effectiveness and efficiency of handling RCM in-house depend on your team's skill set,” Curlett says. "Deciding whether to handle RCM in-house or opt for outsourcing is a complex decision that hinges on the unique circumstances."
Here’s Curlett’s advice to help you make an informed decision:
Key Services That an RCM Partner Should Provide
If you decide to outsource your RCM, here’s a list of services to seek from a prospective partner:
Turn to Plutus for Effective RCM Denial Management
You don’t need to handle RCM denial management on your own. Rely on Plutus Health’s AI-driven solutions to cut your denial rates and capture revenue you may be leaving on the table.
Plutus Health delivers tailored, comprehensive denial management solutions for every use case and client. Our comprehensive approach will reverse denials and resolve deficiencies in your existing processes to prevent recurring denials.
Plutus Health's newest innovative technology, Zeus, can be deployed to streamline your revenue cycle management. Zeus is a family of 60 bots that use RPA and machine learning (ML) technologies to reduce human error and minimize denials.
Our approach works for companies of all sizes. For example, in collaboration with a substantial ophthalmology practice, Plutus identified errors, enhanced workflows, and improved the billing process while minimizing common, preventable denials.
The outcome is impressive: The practice reduced its denial rate from 29% to 8% in just six months, resulting in monthly savings of $12 million.
Similarly, we helped a smaller company identify and overcome its unique workflow challenges, achieving a remarkable 2% denial rate — a rarity in the industry.
Join these and many more organizations and practices as a Plutus partner. You’ll optimize your RCM to ensure a fast, effective workflow so you can focus on high-quality patient care.
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FAQs


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